Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Volume 46, Issue 4 , Pages 399-404 , December 2007

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and its Related Factors in Diabetic Women

  • Ozra Tabatabaei Malazy

      Affiliations

    • Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
    • ,
  • Mamak Shariat

      Affiliations

    • Vali-e-asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
    • ,
  • Ramin Heshmat

      Affiliations

    • Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
    • ,
  • Fereshteh Majlesi

      Affiliations

    • Vali-e-asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
    • ,
  • Masoumeh Alimohammadian

      Affiliations

    • Vali-e-asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
    • ,
  • Nasibeh Khaleghnejad Tabari

      Affiliations

    • Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
    • ,
  • Bagher Larijani

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Professor Bagher Larijani, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, 5th Floor, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Avenue, Tehran 14114, Iran

,Accepted 16 March 2007.

References 

  1. Wilson RM , Tomlinson DR , Reeves WG . Neutrophil sorbitol production impairs oxidative killing in diabetes . Diabet Med . 1987;4:37–40
  2. Wilson RM , Reeves WG . Neutrophil phagocytosis and killing in insulin-dependent diabetes . Clin Exp Immunol . 1986;63:478–484
  3. Raith L , Csato M , Dobozy A . Decreased Candida albicans killing activity of granulocytes from patients with diabetes mellitus . Mykosen . 1983;26:557–564
  4. Foster DW . Diabetes mellitus . In:  Fauci AS ,  Braunwald E ,  Isselbacher KJ , et al. editor. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine . 14th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1998;p. 2060–2081
  5. Curry SL , Barclay DL . Benign disorders of the vulva and vagina . In:  DeCherney AH ,  Pernoll ML editor. Current Obstetric and Gynecologic Diagnosis and Treatment . 8th edition. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange; 1994;p. 689–700
  6. Eckert LO , Hawes SE , Stevens CE , Koutsky LA , Eschenbach DA , Holmes KK . Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm . Obstet Gynecol . 1998;92:757–765
  7. Smith HL . Recurrent candidiasis and “malcarbohydrate metabolism” . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1998;179:557–558
  8. Moraes PS . Recurrent vaginal candidiasis and allergic rhinitis: a common association . Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol . 1998;81:165–169
  9. Bornstein J , Lakovsky Y , Lavi I , Bar-Am A , Abramovici H . The classic approach to diagnosis of vulvovaginitis: a critical analysis . Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol . 2001;9:105–111
  10. Sobel JD . Candidal vulvovaginitis . Clin Obstet Gynecol . 1993;36:153–165
  11. Scudamore JA , Tooley PJ , Allcorn RJ . The treatment of acute and chronic vaginal candidosis . Br J Clin Pract . 1992;46:260–263
  12. Bohannon NJ . Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in patients with diabetes . Diabetes Care . 1998;21:451–456
  13. Sonck CE , Somersalo O . The yeast flora of the anogenital region in diabetic girls . Arch Dermatol . 1963;88:846–852
  14. Davis BA . Vaginal moniliasis in private practice . Obstet Gynecol . 1969;34:40–45
  15. Duerr A , Sierra MF , Feldman J , Clarke LM , Ehrlich I , DeHovitz J . Immune compromise and prevalence of Candida vulvovaginitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women . Obstet Gynecol . 1997;90:252–256
  16. Otero L , Palacio V , Carreno F , Mendez FJ , Vazquez F . Vulvovaginal candidiasis in female sex workers . Int J STD AIDS . 1998;9:526–530
  17. Sobel JD , Faro S , Force RW , et al.   Vulvovaginal candidiasis: epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1998;178:203–211
  18. Sobel JD . Vaginitis . N Engl J Med . 1997;337:1896–1903
  19. Spinillo A, Carratta L, Pizzoli G, Lombardi G, Cavanna C, Michelone G, et al. Recurrent vaginal candidiasis: results of a cohort study of sexual transmission and intestinal reservoir . J Reprod Med . 1992;37:343–347
  20. Rayfield EJ , Ault MJ , Keusch GT , Brothers MJ , Nechemias C , Smith H . Infection and diabetes: the case for glucose control . Am J Med . 1982;72:439–450
  21. McCulloch DK, Inzucchi SE. Management of diabetes mellitus in the acute care setting. UpToDate Online 13.3.
  22. Mas Martin JC . Vaginal candidiasis . Rev Cubana Med Trop . 1978;30:91–94
  23. Leegaard M . The incidence of Candida albicans in the vagina of “healthy young women”. How often do they have symptoms? Possible etiological factors . Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand . 1984;63:85–89
  24. Geiger AM , Foxman B . Risk factors for vulvovaginal can-didiasis: a case-control study among university students . Epidemiology . 1996;7:182–187
  25. Chaponis R , Bresnick P , Weiss R , Edwards L . Candida vaginitis: signs and symptoms aid women's self recognition . J Clin Res Drug Dev . 1993;7:17–23
  26. Lipsky MS , Taylor C . The use of over-the-counter antifungal vaginitis preparations by college students . Fam Med . 1996;28:493–495
  27. Chapple A . Vaginal thrush: perceptions and experiences of women of south Asian descent . Health Educ Res . 2001;16:9–19
  28. Theroux R . Factors influencing women's decisions to self-treat vaginal symptoms . J Am Acad Nurse Pract . 2005;17:156–162
  29. Goldacre MJ , Watt B , Loudon N , Milne LJ , Loudon JD , Vessey MP . Vaginal microbial flora in normal young women . Br Med J . 1979;1:1450–1455
  30. Horowitz BJ , Edelstein SW , Lippman L . Sexual transmission of Candida . Obstet Gynecol . 1987;69:883–886
  31. Hellberg D , Zdolsek B , Nilsson S , Mardh PA . Sexual behavior of women with repeated episodes of vulvovaginal candidia-sis . Eur J Epidemiol . 1995;11:575–579
  32. Foxman B . The epidemiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis: risk factors . Am J Public Health . 1990;80:329–331
  33. Hooton TM , Roberts PL , Stamm WE . Effects of recent sexual activity and use of a diaphragm on the vaginal microflora . Clin Infect Dis . 1994;19:274–278
  34. Cheng YR , Lin LC , Young TG , Liu CE , Chen CH , Tsay RW . Risk factors for candidemia-related mortality at a medical center in central Taiwan . J Microbiol Immunol Infect . 2006;39:155–161
  35. Grigoriou O , Baka S , Makrakis E , Hassiakos D , Kapparos G , Kouskouni E . Prevalence of clinical vaginal candidiasis in a university hospital and possible risk factors . Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol . 2006;126:121–125
  36. Corsello S , Spinillo A , Osnengo G , et al.   An epidemiological survey of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Italy . Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol . 2003;110:66–72
  37. Donders GG , Prenen H , Verbeke G , Reybrouck R . Impaired tolerance for glucose in women with recurrent vaginal candidiasis . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 2002;187:989–993
  38. de Leon EM , Jacober SJ , Sobel JD , Foxman B . Prevalence and risk factors for vaginal Candida colonization in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes . BMC Infect Dis . 2002;2:1

 This article was first printed in Persian in the Iranian Journal of Diabetes & Lipid Disorders 2006;5(4):345–352.

PII: S1028-4559(08)60010-8

doi: 10.1016/S1028-4559(08)60010-8

Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Volume 46, Issue 4 , Pages 399-404 , December 2007

Article Tools