Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Volume 47, Issue 1 , Pages 18-23 , March 2008

Medical Treatment for Uterine Myomas

  • Ming-Hui Cheng
  • ,
  • Hsiang-Tai Chao
  • ,
  • Peng-Hui Wang

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Dr Peng-Hui Wang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, 201, Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan

,Accepted 14 December 2007.

References 

  1. Lippman SA , Warner M , Samuels S , Olive D , Vercellini P , Eskenazi B . Uterine fibroids and gynecologic pain symptoms in a population-based study . Fertil Steril . 2003;80:1488–1494
  2. Flake GP , Andersen J , Dixon D . Etiology and pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas: a review . Environ Health Perspect . 2003;111:1037–1054
  3. Cheng MH , Chao HT , Wang PH . Unusual clinical presentation of uterine myomas . Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol . 2007;46:323–324
  4. Chalas E, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, Wolmark N, Lewis GC, Bergman C, et al. Benign gynecologic conditions among participants in the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 2005;192:1230–1237
  5. Schwartz S . Epidemiology of uterine leiomyomata . Clin Obstet Gynecol . 2001;44:316–326
  6. Adamson GD . Treatment of uterine fibroids: current findings with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1992;166:746–751
  7. Broekmans FJ, Hompes PGA, Heitbrink MA, Netelenbos CC, Roos JC, Falke TM, et al. Two-step gonadotropinreleasing hormone agonist treatment of uterine leiomyomas: standard-dose therapy followed by reduced-dose therapy . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1996;175:1208–1216
  8. Lethaby A , Vollenhoven B , Sowter M . Efficacy of pre-operative gonadotrophin hormone releasing analogues for women with uterine fibroids undergoing hysterectomy or myomectomy: a systematic review . BJOG . 2002;109:1097–1108
  9. Rutgers JL , Spong CY , Sinow R , Heiner J . Leuprolide acetate treatment and myoma arterial size . Obstet Gynecol . 1995;86:386–388
  10. Watanabe Y , Nakamura G , Matsuguchi H , Nozaki M , Sano M , Nakano H . Efficacy of a low-dose leuprolide acetate depot in the treatment of uterine leiomyoma in Japanese women . Fertil Steril . 1992;58:66–71
  11. Chia CC , Huang SC , Chen SS , et al.   Ultrasonographic evaluation of the change in uterine fibroids induced by treatment with a GnRH analog . Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol . 2006;45:124–128
  12. Lee WL , Yuan CC , Wang PH . Positron emission tomography and uterine leiomyomas . Gynecol Oncol . 2007;107:593–594
  13. Lee WL , Liu RS , Yuan CC , Chao HT , Wang PH . Relationship between gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and myoma cellular activity: preliminary findings on positron emission tomography . Fertil Steril . 2001;75:638–639
  14. Wang PH , Yang AH , Yuan CC , Lee WL , Chao HT . Uterine myoma after cessation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist: ultrasound and histopathologic findings . Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) . 1998;61:625–629
  15. Ito F , Kawamura N , Ichimura T , Tsujimura A , Ishiko O , Ogita S . Ultrastructural comparison of uterine leiomyoma cells from the same myoma nodule before and after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment . Fertil Steril . 2001;75:125–130
  16. Colgan TJ , Pendergast S , LeBlanc M . The histopathology of uterine leiomyomas following treatment with gonadotropinreleasing hormone analogues . Hum Pathol . 1993;24:1073–1077
  17. Mizutani T , Sugihara A , Nakamuro K , Terada N . Suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in uterine leiomyoma by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (leuprolide acetate) . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1998;83:1253–1255
  18. Higashijima T , Kataoka A , Nishida T , Yakushiji M . Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy induces apoptosis in uterine leiomyoma . Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol . 1996;68:169–173
  19. Huang SC, Chou CY, Lin YS, Tsai YC, Hsu KF, Liu CH, et al. Enhanced deoxyribonucleic acid damage and repair but unchanged apoptosis in uterine leiomyomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1997;177:417–424
  20. Stovall TG , Muneyyirci-Delale O , Summitt RL , Scialli AR . GnRH agonist and iron versus placebo and iron in the anemic patient before surgery for leiomyomas: a randomized controlled trial. Leuprolide Acetate Study Group . Obstet Gynecol . 1995;86:65–71
  21. Wang PH , Chao HT , Lee WL . Rationale of myomectomy for perimenopausal women . Maturitas . 2007;58:406–407
  22. Cheng MH , Yu BK , Chang SP , Wang PH . A randomized, parallel, comparative study of the efficacy and safety of nafarelin versus danazol in the treatment of endometriosis in Taiwan . J Chin Med Assoc . 2005;68:307–314
  23. Friedman AJ , Daly M , Juneau-Norcross M , Rein MS . Predictors of uterine volume reduction in women with myomas treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist . Fertil Steril . 1992;58:413–415
  24. Van Leusden HA . Impact of different GnRH analogs in benign gynecological disorders related to their chemical structure, delivery systems and dose . Gynecol Endocrinol . 1994;8:215–222
  25. Rein MS , Friedman AJ , Stuart JM , MacLaughlin DT . Fibroid and myometrial steroid receptors in women treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist leuprolide acetate . Fertil Steril . 1990;53:1018–1023
  26. Wang PH , Horng HC , Cheng MH , Chao HT , Chao KC . Standard and low-dose hormone therapy for postmenopausal women–focus on the breast . Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol . 2007;46:127–134
  27. Wang PH , Cheng MH , Chao HT , Chao KC . Effects of tibolone on the breast of postmenopausal women . Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol . 2007;46:121–126
  28. Maheux R , Lemay A , Blanchet P , Friede J , Pratt X . Maintained reduction of uterine leiomyoma following addition of hormonal replacement therapy to a monthly luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone agonist implant: a pilot study . Hum Reprod . 1991;6:500–505
  29. Vercellini P , Sacerdote P , Trespidi L , Manfredi B , Panerai AE , Crosignani PG . Veralipride for hot flushes induced by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist: a controlled study . Fertil Steril . 1994;62:938–942
  30. Palomba S , Orio F , Russo T , et al.   Long-term effectiveness and safety of GnRH agonist plus raloxifene administration in women with uterine leiomyomas . Hum Reprod . 2004;19:1308–1313
  31. Palomba S , Affinito P , Di Carlo C , Bifulco G , Nappi C . Longterm administration of tibolone plus gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist for the treatment of uterine leiomyomas: effectiveness and effects on vasomotor symptoms, bone mass and lipid profiles . Fertil Steril . 1999;72:889–895
  32. Chao KC, Wang PH, Yen MS, Chang CY, Juang CM, Twu NF, et al. New selective tissue estrogenic activity regulator (STEAR) in menopausal therapy in Taiwan . Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol . 2005;44:327–331
  33. Wang PH, Lee WL, Chao HT, Shu LP, Kao HL, Wu CW, et al. Relationship between hormone receptor concentration and tumor shrinkage in uterine myoma after treatment with a GnRHa . Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) . 1999;62:294–299
  34. Yoshioka N . Usefulness of Doppler ultrasound in predicting the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on myoma uteri . Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi . 1995;47:1255–1260 [In Japanese]
  35. Zullo F , Pellicano M , Di Carlo C , De Stefano R , Marconi D , Zudi E . Ultrasonographic prediction of the efficacy of GnRH agonist therapy before laparoscopic myomectomy . J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc . 1998;5:361–366
  36. Kawamura N , Ito F , Ichimura T , Shibata S , Umesaki N , Ogita S . Correlation between shrinkage of uterine leiomyoma treated with buserelin acetate and histopathologic findings of biopsy specimen before treatment . Fertil Steril . 1997;68:632–636
  37. Brosens I , Johannisson E , Dal Cin P , Deprest J , Van den Berghe H . Analysis of the karyotype and deoxyribonucleic acid content of uterine myomas in premenopausal, menopausal, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist-treated females . Fertil Steril . 1996;66:376–379
  38. Furui T, Imai A, Takagi A, Tamaya T, Takagi H, Matsunami K, et al. Differential efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist treatment on pedunculated and degenerated myomas: a retrospective study of 630 women . J Obstet Gynaecol . 2000;20:504–506
  39. Kettel LM , Murphy AA , Morales AJ , Rivier J , Vale W , Yen SS . Rapid regression of uterine leiomyomas in response to daily administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists . Fertil Steril . 1993;60:642–646
  40. Felberbaum RE , Germer U , Ludwig M , et al.   Treatment of uterine fibroids with a slow-release formulation of the gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonist Cetrorelix . Hum Reprod . 1998;13:1660–1668
  41. De Blok S , Oberye J . Rapid reduction of leiomyoma volume during treatment with the GnRH-antagonist ganirelix . Gynecol Endocrinol . 2001;15:22
  42. Flierman PA , Oberye JJL , van der Hulst VPM , de Blok S . Rapid reduction of leiomyoma volume during treatment with the GnRH antagonist ganirelix . BJOG . 2005;112:642–683
  43. Kwon JY , Park KH , Park YN , Cho NH . Effect of cetrorelix acetate on apoptosis and apoptosis regulatory factors in cultured uterine leiomyoma cells . Fertil Steril . 2005;84:1526–1528
  44. Xiao BL , Zhou LY , Zhang XL , Jia MC , Luukkainen T , Allonen H . Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device . Contraception . 1990;41:353–362
  45. Silverberg SG , Haukkamaa M , Arko H , Nilsson CG , Luukkainen T . Endometrial morphology during long-term use of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices . Int J Gynecol Pathol . 1986;5:235–241
  46. Lethaby AE , Cooke I , Rees M . Progesterone or progestogenreleasing intrauterine systems for heavy menstrual bleeding . Cochrane Database Syst Rev . 2005;(4):CD002126
  47. Kaunitz AM . Progestin-releasing intrauterine systems and leiomyoma . Contraception . 2007;75(6 Suppl):S130–S133
  48. Mercorio F, De Simone R, Di Spiezio Sardo A, Cerrota G, Bifulco G, Vanacore F, et al. The effect of a levonorgestrelreleasing intrauterine device in the treatment of myomarelated menorrhagia . Contraception . 2003;67:277–280
  49. Chura JC , Truskinovsky AM , Judson PL , Johnson L , Geller MA , Downs LS . Positron emission tomography and leiomyomas: clinicopathologic analysis of 3 cases of PET scan-positive leiomyomas and literature review . Gynecol Oncol . 2007;104:247–252
  50. Giuntoli RL , Garrett-Mayer E , Bristow RE , Gostout BS . Secondary cytoreduction in the management of recurrent uterine leiomyosarcoma . Gynecol Oncol . 2007;106:82–88
  51. Zhu XQ , Lv JQ , Lin Y , Xiang M , Gao BH , Shi YF . Expression of chemokines CCL5 and CCL11 by smooth muscle tumor cells of the uterus and its possible role in the recruitment of mast cells . Gynecol Oncol . 2007;105:650–656

PII: S1028-4559(08)60050-9

doi: 10.1016/S1028-4559(08)60050-9

Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Volume 47, Issue 1 , Pages 18-23 , March 2008