Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Volume 44, Issue 1 , Pages 36-41 , March 2005

Simplified Mathematical Model to Evaluate Sperm Concentration in Kremer'S Capillary Tube Test: A Preliminary Study Report

Received 16 June 2004 ,Revised 30 August 2004 ,Accepted 28 October 2004.

References 

  1. Mortimer D . In: Practical Laboratory Andrology . New York: Oxford University Press; 1994;p. 180–181
  2. Alexander NJ . Evaluation of male infertility with an in vitro cervical mucus penetration test . Fertil Steril . 1972;36:201–208
  3. Eggert-Kruse W , Leinhos G , Gerhard I , Tilgen W , Runnebaum B . Prognostic value of in vitro sperm penetration into hormonally standardized human cervical mucus . Fertil Steril . 1989;51:317–323
  4. Ulstein M . Sperm penetration of cervical mucus as a criterion of male infertility . Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand . 1972;51:335–340
  5. Matthews CD , Makin AE , Cox LW . Experience with in vitro sperm penetration testing in infertile and fertile couples . Fertil Steril . 1980;3:167–192
  6. Miller EG , Kurzrok R . Biochemical studies of human semen, factors affecting migration of sperm through the cervix . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1932;24:19–26
  7. Kremer J , Jager S . The sperm cervical mucus contact test: a preliminary report . Fertil Steril . 1976;27:335–340
  8. Kremer J . Preliminary report: a simple sperm penetration test . Int J Fertil . 1965;10:209–215
  9. Kremer J . Fertility Investigation Thesis 24 . Van Denderen: Groningen; 1968;
  10. Lamar JK , Shettles LB , Delfs E . Cyclic penetrability of human cervical mucus to sperm in vitro . Am J Physiol . 1940;129:234–241
  11. Botella-Llusia J . Measurement of linear progression of the human spermatozoa as an index of male fertility . Int J Fertil . 1956;1:113–130
  12. Bergman P , Gennser G . Investigation of sperm migration in artificial medium . Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand . 1958;2:98–104
  13. Botella-Llusia J , Ruiz-Velasco V . Postcoital test in vitro . Int J Fertil . 1960;5:301–306
  14. Ansbacher R , Keung-Yeung K , Behrman J . Clinical significance of sperm antibodies in infertile couples . Fertil Steril . 1973;24:305–308
  15. Jager S , Kremer J , Kuiken J . Induction of the shaking phenomenon by pre-treatment of spermatozoa with sera containing anti-spermatozoal antibodies . Fertil Steril . 1981;36:784–791
  16. Baker HWG , Clarke GN , Hudson B , McBain JC , McGowan MP , Pepperell RJ . Treatment of sperm auto-immunity in men . Clin Reprod Fertil . 1983;2:550–571
  17. Clarke GN , Garrett C , Baker HWG . Quantitative sperm mucus penetration: modified formulae for calculating penetration efficiency . Hum Reprod . 1998;13:1255–1259
  18. Tang S , Garrett C , Baker HWG . Comparison of human cervical mucus and artificial sperm penetration media . Hum Reprod . 1999;14:2812–2817
  19. World Health Organization  . WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interaction . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999;
  20. Kroeks MVAM , Kremer J . The role of cervical factors in infertility . In:  Pepperell RJ ,  Hudson B ,  Wood C editor. The Infertile Couple . Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1980;p. 113–125
  21. Clarke GN . A simplified quantitative cervical mucus penetration test . Hum Reprod . 1997;13:1255–1259
  22. Mills RN , Katz DF . A flat capillary tube system for assessment of sperm movement in cervical mucus . Fertil Steril . 1978;29:43–47
  23. De Geyter C , Bals-Pratsch M , Doeren M , et al.   Human and bovine cervical mucus penetration test of sperm function for in-vitro fertilization . Hum Reprod . 1988;3:948–954
  24. Barratt CLR , Osborn JC , Harrison PE , et al.   The hypoosmotic swelling test and the sperm mucus penetration test in determining fertilization of the human oocyte . Hum Reprod . 1989;4:430–434
  25. Berberoglugil P , Englert Y , Van den Bergh M , Rodesch C , Bertrand E , Biramane J . Abnormal sperm-mucus penetration test predicts low in vitro fertilization ability of apparently normal semen . Fertil Steril . 1993;59:1228–1232
  26. Francavilla F , Romano R , Santucci R , Poccia G . Effect of sperm morphology and motile sperm count on outcome of intrauterine insemination in oligozoospermia and/or asthenozoospermia . Fertil Steril . 1990;53:892–897
  27. Johnston RC , Kovacs GT , Lording DH , Baker HWG . Correlations of semen variables and pregnancy rates for donor insemination: in 15-year retrospective . Fertil Steril . 1994;61:355–359
  28. Kurzrok R , Miller EG . Biochemical studies of human semen. III. Factors affecting migration of sperm through the cervix . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1932;24:19–26
  29. Jones WR . Immunological aspects of infertility . In:  Scott JS ,  Jones WR editor. Immunology of Reproduction . New York: Grunne Stratton; 1977;p. 374–413
  30. Beer AE , Neaves WB . Antigenic status of semen from the view points of the female and male . Fertil Steril . 1978;29:3–22
  31. Ingerslev HJ . Sperm-agglutinating antibodies and sperm penetration of cervical mucus from infertile women with sperm agglutinating antibodies in serum . Fertil Steril . 1980;34:561–568
  32. Englert Y , Vekemans M , Lejenune B , et al.   Higher pregnancy rates after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in cases with sperm defect . Fertil Steril . 1987;48:254–257
  33. Keel BA , Webster BW . Correlation of human sperm motility characteristics with an in vitro cervical mucus penetration test . Fertil Steril . 1988;49:138–143
  34. Katz DF , Morales P , Samuels SJ , et al.   Mechanisms of filtration of morphologically abnormal sperm by cervical mucus . Fertil Steril . 1990;54:513–516
  35. Clarke GN , Elliott PJ , Samaila C . Detection of sperm antibodies in semen using the immunobead tests: a survey of 813 consecutive patients . Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol . 1985;7:118–123
  36. Clarke GN , Lopata A , McBain JC , et al.   Effect of sperm antibodies in males on human in vitro fertilization (IVF) . Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol . 1985;8:62–66
  37. Wang C , Baker HWG , Jennings MG , et al.   Interaction between human cervical mucus and sperm surface antibodies . Fertil Steril . 1985;44:484–488
  38. Kremer J , Jager S . Sperm-cervical mucus interaction, in particular in the presence of antispermatozoal antibodies . Hum Reprod . 1988;3:69–73
  39. Kremer J , Jager S . The significance of antisperm antibodies for sperm-cervical mucus interaction . Hum Reprod . 1992;7:781–784
  40. Insler V , Bernstein D , Glezerman M , et al.   Correlation of seminal fluid analysis with mucus-penetrating ability of spermatozoa . Fertil Steril . 1979;32:316–319
  41. Katz DF , Drobnis EZ , Overstreet JW . Factors regulating mammalian sperm migration through the female reproductive tract and oocyte vestments . Gamete Res . 1989;22:443–469
  42. Katz DF , Overstreet JW , Hanson FW . A new quantitative test for sperm penetration into cervical mucus . Fertil Steril . 1980;33:179–186
  43. Overstreet JW , Coates C , Katz DF , et al.   The importance of seminal plasma for sperm penetration of human cervical mucus . Fertil Steril . 1980;34:569–572
  44. Aitken RJ , Sutton M , Warner P , et al.   Relationship between the movement characteristics of human spermatozoa and their ability to penetrate cervical mucus and zona-free hamster oocytes . J Reprod Fertil . 1985;73:441–449
  45. Ford WC , Ponting FA , McLaughlin EA , et al.   Controlling the swimming speed of human sperm by varying the incubation temperature and its effect on cervical mucus penetration . Int J Androl . 1992;15:127–134

PII: S1028-4559(09)60104-2

doi: 10.1016/S1028-4559(09)60104-2

Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Volume 44, Issue 1 , Pages 36-41 , March 2005

Article Tools